dhumavatimahavidyadasha-mahavidyashakti

𑌧𑍂𑌮𑌾𑌵𑌤𑍀 𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍋𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌮𑍍 (𑌧𑍂𑌮𑌾𑌵𑌤𑍍𑌯𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌕𑌮𑍍)

Dhumavati Stotram (Dhumavatyashtakam) in Grantha · 𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥

🕉️ hindu·📿 9× repetitions·🕐 Pradosh or night, Saturdays, Dhumavati Jayanti (Jyeshtha Shukla Ashtami), and during periods of crisis or affliction·📜 Tantric Shakta tradition; preserved in the Shaktapramoda and Mantramaharnava compilations

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हिन्दी / देवनागरी తెలుగు தமிழ்ಕನ್ನಡ മലയാളം ગુજરાતી বাংলা ଓଡ଼ିଆ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ English සිංහල𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌨𑍍𑌥

Origin & Story

Tantric Shakta tradition; preserved in the Shaktapramoda and Mantramaharnava compilations · Traditional (anonymous); transmitted in the Mahavidya / Dhumavati tantras · Medieval Tantric period

Dhumavati arose, according to one well-known account, when Sati, unable to bear hunger, swallowed Shiva himself; when he asked to be released, she emerged from the smoke as the widow-goddess, ever hungry and inauspicious in worldly terms yet supremely wise. As the seventh Mahavidya she embodies the great void that remains when all forms dissolve. The Dhumavatyashtakam is the principal hymn used in her worship, invoking her fierce, smoky form to drive away every danger.

✦ As told in scripture

Devotees and tantric texts hold that sincere recitation of the Dhumavatyashtakam during times of crisis can dispel seemingly hopeless misfortune — turning away enemies, lawsuits, disease and poverty — for the hymn itself promises that gods, demons and even wild beasts flee at its mere remembrance, leaving the devotee in peace.

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Complete Text with Meaning

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Verse 1

𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌤𑌰𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌸𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌤𑍍 𑌕𑍁𑌮𑌾𑌰𑍀 𑌕𑍁𑌸𑍁𑌮𑌕𑌲𑌿𑌕𑌯𑌾 𑌜𑌾𑌪𑌮𑌾𑌲𑌾𑌂 𑌜𑌪𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀 𑌮𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌹𑍍𑌨𑍇 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑍗𑌢𑌰𑍂𑌪𑌾 𑌵𑌿𑌕𑌸𑌿𑌤𑌵𑌦𑌨𑌾 𑌚𑌾𑌰𑍁𑌨𑍇𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌾 𑌨𑌿𑌶𑌾𑌯𑌾𑌮𑍍। 𑌸𑌨𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌯𑌾𑌂 𑌵𑍃𑌦𑍍𑌧𑌰𑍂𑌪𑌾 𑌗𑌲𑌿𑌤𑌕𑍁𑌚𑌯𑍁𑌗𑌾 𑌮𑍁𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌮𑌾𑌲𑌾𑌂 𑌵𑌹𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀 𑌸𑌾 𑌦𑍇𑌵𑍀 𑌦𑍇𑌵𑌦𑍇𑌵𑍀 𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌿𑌭𑍁𑌵𑌨𑌜𑌨𑌨𑍀 𑌕𑌾𑌲𑌿𑌕𑌾𑌪𑌾𑌤𑍁 𑌯𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌮𑌾𑌨𑍍॥௧॥

Prātar yāsyāt kumārī kusumakalikayā jāpamālāṁ japantī madhyāhne prauḍharūpā vikasitavadanā cārunetrā niśāyām। sandhyāyāṁ vṛddharūpā galitakucayugā muṇḍamālāṁ vahantī sā devī devadevī tribhuvanajananī kālikā pātu yuṣmān॥1॥

Meaning:At dawn she is a young maiden turning her rosary; at midday she is full-grown with a radiant face and lovely eyes; at dusk she is aged, with sagging breasts, wearing a garland of skulls — may that Goddess of gods, Mother of the three worlds, Kalika (Dhumavati), protect you all.

Verse 2

𑌬𑌦𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌵𑌾 𑌖𑌟𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌙𑍍𑌗𑌕𑍋𑌟𑍗 𑌕𑌪𑌿𑌲𑌵𑌰𑌜𑌟𑌾𑌮𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌲𑌂 𑌪𑌦𑍍𑌮𑌯𑍋𑌨𑍇𑌃 𑌕𑍃𑌤𑍍𑌵𑌾 𑌦𑍈𑌤𑍍𑌯𑍋𑌤𑍍𑌤𑌮𑌾𑌙𑍍𑌗𑍈𑌃 𑌸𑍍𑌰𑌜𑌮𑍁𑌰𑌸𑌿 𑌶𑌿𑌰𑌶𑍍𑌶𑍇𑌖𑌰𑌂 𑌤𑌾𑌰𑍍𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍍𑌯𑌪𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍈𑌃। 𑌪𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌣𑌂 𑌰𑌕𑍍𑌤𑍈𑌃 𑌸𑍁𑌰𑌾𑌣𑌾𑌂 𑌯𑌮𑌮𑌹𑌿𑌷𑌮𑌹𑌾𑌶‍𑍃𑌙𑍍𑌗𑌮𑌾𑌦𑌾𑌯 𑌪𑌾𑌣𑍗 𑌪𑌾𑌯𑌾𑌦𑍍𑌵𑍋 𑌵𑌨𑍍𑌦𑍍𑌯𑌮𑌾𑌨𑌃 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌲𑌯𑌮𑍁𑌦𑌿𑌤𑌯𑌾 𑌭𑍈𑌰𑌵𑌃 𑌕𑌾𑌲𑌰𑌾𑌤𑍍𑌰𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌮𑍍॥௨॥

Baddhvā khaṭvāṅgakoṭau kapilavarajaṭāmaṇḍalaṁ padmayoneḥ kṛtvā daityottamāṅgaiḥ srajam urasi śiraśśekharaṁ tārkṣyapakṣaiḥ। pūrṇaṁ raktaiḥ surāṇāṁ yamamahiṣamahāśṛṅgam ādāya pāṇau pāyādvo vandyamānaḥ pralayamuditayā bhairavaḥ kālarātryām॥2॥

Meaning:With the matted locks of Brahma bound atop his khatvanga staff, wearing a garland of demons' heads upon his chest and a crest of Garuda's feathers, holding in his hand the great horn of Yama's buffalo brimming with the blood of the gods — may the fierce Bhairava, worshipped and delighted at the time of dissolution, protect you on the night of Kalaratri.

Verse 3

𑌚𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀𑌮𑌸𑍍𑌥𑌿𑌖𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌂 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌕𑌟𑌕𑌟𑌕𑌟𑌾𑌶𑌬𑍍𑌦𑌸𑌙𑍍𑌘𑌾𑌤𑌮𑍁𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌂 𑌕𑍁𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣𑌿 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑍇𑌤𑌮𑌧𑍍𑌯𑍇 𑌕𑌹𑌹𑌕𑌹𑌕𑌹𑌾𑌹𑌾𑌸𑍍𑌯𑌮𑍁𑌗𑍍𑌰𑌂 𑌕𑍃𑌶𑌾𑌙𑍍𑌗𑍀। 𑌨𑌿𑌤𑍍𑌯𑌂 𑌨𑌿𑌤𑍍𑌯𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌸𑌕𑍍𑌤𑌾𑌂 𑌡𑌮𑌰𑍁𑌡𑌿𑌮𑌡𑌿𑌮𑌾𑌂 𑌸𑍍𑌫𑌾𑌰𑌯𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀𑌂 𑌮𑍁𑌖𑌾𑌬𑍍𑌜𑌂 𑌪𑌾𑌯𑌾𑌨𑍍𑌨𑌶𑍍𑌚𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌿𑌕𑍇𑌯𑌂 𑌝𑌝𑌮𑌝𑌮𑌝𑌮𑌾 𑌜𑌲𑍍𑌪𑌮𑌾𑌨𑌾 𑌭𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀॥௩॥

Carvantīm asthikhaṇḍaṁ prakaṭakaṭakaṭāśabdasaṅghātam ugraṁ kurvāṇi pretamadhye kahahakahakahāhāsyam ugraṁ kṛśāṅgī। nityaṁ nityaprasaktāṁ ḍamaruḍimaḍimāṁ sphārayantīṁ mukhābjaṁ pāyānnaś caṇḍikeyaṁ jhajhamajhamajhamā jalpamānā bhramantī॥3॥

Meaning:Thin-bodied, crunching pieces of bone with a loud crackling sound, laughing terribly 'kahaha-kahakaha' amid the ghosts, ever absorbed, sounding her damaru with a 'dima-dima' beat and opening wide her lotus-face, wandering and muttering 'jhama-jhama' — may this Chandika protect us.

Verse 4

𑌵𑌾𑌮𑍇 𑌕𑌰𑍍𑌣𑍇 𑌮𑍃𑌗𑌾𑌙𑍍𑌕𑌂 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌲𑌯𑌪𑌰𑌿𑌗𑌤𑌂 𑌦𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌿𑌣𑍇 𑌸𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌯𑌬𑌿𑌮𑍍𑌬𑌂 𑌕𑌣𑍍𑌠𑍇 𑌨𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌹𑌾𑌰𑌂 𑌵𑌰𑌵𑌿𑌕𑌟𑌜𑌟𑌾𑌜𑍂𑌟𑌕𑍇 𑌮𑍁𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌮𑌾𑌲𑌾𑌮𑍍। 𑌸𑍍𑌕𑌨𑍍𑌧𑍇 𑌕𑍃𑌤𑍍𑌵𑍋𑌰𑌗𑍇𑌨𑍍𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌧𑍍𑌵𑌜𑌨𑌿𑌕𑌰𑌯𑍁𑌤𑌂 𑌬𑍍𑌰𑌹𑍍𑌮𑌕𑌙𑍍𑌕𑌾𑌲𑌭𑌾𑌰𑌂 𑌸𑌂𑌹𑌾𑌰𑍇 𑌧𑌾𑌰𑌯𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀 𑌮𑌮 𑌹𑌰𑌤𑍁 𑌭𑌯𑌂 𑌭𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌦𑌾 𑌭𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌕𑌾𑌲𑍀॥௪॥

Vāme karṇe mṛgāṅkaṁ pralayaparigataṁ dakṣiṇe sūryabimbaṁ kaṇṭhe nakṣatrahāraṁ varavikaṭajaṭājūṭake muṇḍamālām। skandhe kṛtvoragendradhvajanikarayutaṁ brahmakaṅkālabhāraṁ saṁhāre dhārayantī mama haratu bhayaṁ bhadradā bhadrakālī॥4॥

Meaning:With the moon at her left ear and the dissolution-bound sun at her right, a necklace of stars at her throat, a garland of skulls upon her fearsome matted crown, bearing upon her shoulders the great serpent-banner and the skeletal weight of Brahma — may the welfare-giving Bhadrakali, who upholds all in dissolution, take away my fear.

Verse 5

𑌧𑍂𑌮𑌾𑌵𑌤𑍍𑌯𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌕𑌂 𑌪𑍁𑌣𑍍𑌯𑌂 𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌪𑌦𑍍𑌵𑌿𑌨𑌿𑌵𑌾𑌰𑌕𑌮𑍍। 𑌯𑌃 𑌪𑌠𑍇𑌤𑍍 𑌸𑌾𑌧𑌕𑍋 𑌭𑌕𑍍𑌤𑍍𑌯𑌾 𑌸𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌧𑌿𑌂 𑌵𑌿𑌨𑍍𑌦𑌤𑌿 𑌵𑌾𑌞𑍍𑌛𑌿𑌤𑌾𑌮𑍍॥௫॥

Dhūmāvatyaṣṭakaṁ puṇyaṁ sarvāpadvinivārakam। yaḥ paṭhet sādhako bhaktyā siddhiṁ vindati vāñchitām॥5॥

Meaning:This sacred Dhumavati Ashtakam wards off every calamity; the devotee who recites it with devotion obtains his cherished accomplishment. In great danger, great terror, great disease and great battle; in driving away enemies, in subjugation and bewildering of beings — whoever recites this hymn, O Goddess, gains success everywhere. Gods, demons, gandharvas, yakshas, rakshasas, serpents, lions, tigers and all such — merely by the remembrance of this hymn — flee far, far away; how much more then ordinary men and creatures. By this hymn, O Lord of gods, what cannot be accomplished on earth? Complete peace results, and in the end one attains liberation.

Verse 6

𑌮𑌹𑌾𑌪𑌦𑌿 𑌮𑌹𑌾𑌘𑍋𑌰𑍇 𑌮𑌹𑌾𑌰𑍋𑌗𑍇 𑌮𑌹𑌾𑌰𑌣𑍇। 𑌶𑌤𑍍𑌰𑍂𑌚𑍍𑌚𑌾𑌟𑍇 𑌮𑌾𑌰𑌣𑌾𑌦𑍗 𑌜𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍂𑌨𑌾𑌂 𑌮𑍋𑌹𑌨𑍇 𑌤𑌥𑌾॥௬॥

Mahāpadi mahāghore mahāroge mahāraṇe। śatrūccāṭe māraṇādau jantūnāṁ mohane tathā॥6॥

Verse 7

𑌪𑌠𑍇𑌤𑍍 𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍋𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌿𑌦𑌂 𑌦𑍇𑌵𑌿 𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌤𑍍𑌰 𑌸𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌧𑌿𑌭𑌾𑌗𑍍𑌭𑌵𑍇𑌤𑍍। 𑌦𑍇𑌵𑌦𑌾𑌨𑌵𑌗𑌨𑍍𑌧𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾 𑌯𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌰𑌾𑌕𑍍𑌷𑌸𑌪𑌨𑍍𑌨𑌗𑌾𑌃॥௭॥

Paṭhet stotram idaṁ devi sarvatra siddhibhāg bhavet। devadānavagandharvā yakṣarākṣasapannagāḥ॥7॥

Verse 8

𑌸𑌿𑌂𑌹𑌵𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌘𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌦𑌿𑌕𑌾𑌸𑍍𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑍇 𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍋𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌸𑍍𑌮𑌰𑌣𑌮𑌾𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌤𑌃। 𑌦𑍂𑌰𑌾𑌦𑍍𑌦𑍂𑌰𑌤𑌰𑌂 𑌯𑌾𑌨𑍍𑌤𑌿 𑌕𑌿𑌂 𑌪𑍁𑌨𑌰𑍍𑌮𑌾𑌨𑍁𑌷𑌾𑌦𑌯𑌃॥௮॥

Siṁhavyāghrādikāssarve stotrasmaraṇamātrataḥ। dūrāddūrataraṁ yānti kiṁ punar mānuṣādayaḥ॥8॥

Verse 9

𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍋𑌤𑍍𑌰𑍇𑌣𑌾𑌨𑍇𑌨 𑌦𑍇𑌵𑍇𑌶𑌿 𑌕𑌿𑌂 𑌨 𑌸𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌤𑌿 𑌭𑍂𑌤𑌲𑍇। 𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌶𑌾𑌨𑍍𑌤𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌭𑌵𑍇𑌦𑍍𑌦𑍇𑌵𑌿 𑌹𑍍𑌯𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍇 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣𑌤𑌾𑌂 𑌵𑍍𑌰𑌜𑍇𑌤𑍍॥௯॥

Stotreṇānena deveśi kiṁ na siddhyati bhūtale। sarvaśāntir bhaved devi hyante nirvāṇatāṁ vrajet॥9॥

Word-by-Word Meaning

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𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌤𑌃🔊prātaḥIn the morning

𑌕𑍁𑌮𑌾𑌰𑍀🔊kumārīA young maiden (the Goddess appears youthful at dawn)

𑌜𑌾𑌪𑌮𑌾𑌲𑌾𑌂 𑌜𑌪𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀🔊jāpamālāṁ japantīCounting/turning her rosary in japa

𑌮𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌹𑍍𑌨𑍇 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑍗𑌢𑌰𑍂𑌪𑌾🔊madhyāhne prauḍharūpāAt midday she has a mature, full-grown form

𑌸𑌨𑍍𑌧𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌯𑌾𑌂 𑌵𑍃𑌦𑍍𑌧𑌰𑍂𑌪𑌾🔊sandhyāyāṁ vṛddharūpāAt dusk she takes an aged, elderly form

𑌮𑍁𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌮𑌾𑌲𑌾𑌂 𑌵𑌹𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀🔊muṇḍamālāṁ vahantīWearing a garland of skulls

𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌿𑌭𑍁𑌵𑌨𑌜𑌨𑌨𑍀🔊tribhuvanajananīMother of the three worlds

𑌕𑌾𑌲𑌿𑌕𑌾 𑌪𑌾𑌤𑍁 𑌯𑍁𑌷𑍍𑌮𑌾𑌨𑍍🔊kālikā pātu yuṣmānMay that Goddess Kalika (Dhumavati) protect you all

𑌭𑍈𑌰𑌵𑌃🔊bhairavaḥThe fierce Bhairava (her companion aspect)

𑌕𑌾𑌲𑌰𑌾𑌤𑍍𑌰𑍍𑌯𑌾𑌮𑍍🔊kālarātryāmOn the night of cosmic dissolution (Kalaratri)

𑌚𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍀𑌮𑍍 𑌅𑌸𑍍𑌥𑌿𑌖𑌣𑍍𑌡𑌮𑍍🔊carvantīm asthikhaṇḍamChewing/crunching pieces of bone

𑌪𑍍𑌰𑍇𑌤𑌮𑌧𑍍𑌯𑍇🔊pretamadhyeIn the midst of ghosts and spirits (the cremation ground)

𑌡𑌮𑌰𑍁𑌡𑌿𑌮𑌡𑌿𑌮𑌾𑌮𑍍🔊ḍamaruḍimaḍimāmSounding the damaru drum with a 'dima-dima' beat

𑌭𑌦𑍍𑌰𑌕𑌾𑌲𑍀🔊bhadrakālīThe auspicious Kali; bestower of welfare (bhadra)

𑌬𑍍𑌰𑌹𑍍𑌮𑌕𑌙𑍍𑌕𑌾𑌲𑌭𑌾𑌰𑌮𑍍🔊brahmakaṅkālabhāramBearing the weight of the skeleton of Brahma (her cosmic vastness)

𑌧𑍂𑌮𑌾𑌵𑌤𑍍𑌯𑌷𑍍𑌟𑌕𑌂 𑌪𑍁𑌣𑍍𑌯𑌮𑍍🔊dhūmāvatyaṣṭakaṁ puṇyamThis auspicious, merit-giving Dhumavati Ashtakam

𑌸𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌪𑌦𑍍𑌵𑌿𑌨𑌿𑌵𑌾𑌰𑌕𑌮𑍍🔊sarvāpadvinivārakamThat which wards off all calamities and dangers

𑌸𑌿𑌦𑍍𑌧𑌿𑌂 𑌵𑌿𑌨𑍍𑌦𑌤𑌿 𑌵𑌾𑌞𑍍𑌛𑌿𑌤𑌾𑌮𑍍🔊siddhiṁ vindati vāñchitāmAttains the desired accomplishment (siddhi)

𑌸𑍍𑌤𑍋𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌸𑍍𑌮𑌰𑌣𑌮𑌾𑌤𑍍𑌰𑌤𑌃🔊stotrasmaraṇamātrataḥMerely by remembering/reciting this hymn

𑌅𑌨𑍍𑌤𑍇 𑌨𑌿𑌰𑍍𑌵𑌾𑌣𑌤𑌾𑌂 𑌵𑍍𑌰𑌜𑍇𑌤𑍍🔊ante nirvāṇatāṁ vrajetIn the end one attains liberation (nirvana)

Benefits of Chanting Dhumavati Stotram (Dhumavatyashtakam)

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Wards off all calamities, accidents and great dangers (sarva-apad-nivaraka), as the hymn itself declares

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Drives away enemies, evil spirits, ghosts and negative forces by mere remembrance

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Grants protection in lawsuits, debts, disease, poverty and times of crisis — Dhumavati is the remover of misfortune

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Fulfils the sincere devotee's cherished desires and grants tantric siddhis

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Bestows deep detachment (vairagya) and freedom from worldly craving

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Brings ultimate peace of mind and, in the end, liberation (nirvana)

How to Chant Dhumavati Stotram (Dhumavatyashtakam)

Repetitions9times

Best TimePradosh or night, Saturdays, Dhumavati Jayanti (Jyeshtha Shukla Ashtami), and during periods of crisis or affliction

Dhumavati is a fierce Mahavidya traditionally worshipped outside the home, at night, or in cremation grounds, and often for nivritti (cessation of trouble) rather than worldly gain. Bathe and sit facing a chosen direction with a simple offering (she is the 'widow' goddess and is offered plain or pungent items rather than sweets or flowers of luxury). Light a lamp, invoke her with reverence, and recite the eight verses with concentration, followed by the phala-shruti. It is best learned and practised under the guidance of a qualified guru. Householders seeking only auspiciousness may simply recite it with devotion for protection and removal of obstacles.

Frequently Asked Questions

This page shows the complete Dhumavati Stotram (Dhumavatyashtakam) written in the Grantha script — the same Sanskrit/Hindi verses, transliterated character-by-character so you can read and chant comfortably. Tap any line (or the ▶ button) to hear it recited aloud.

Yes — only the script changes; the words and their meaning are the original. The verse-by-verse meaning, benefits and how-to-chant guidance on this page apply exactly the same.

Dhumavati ('the smoky one') is the seventh of the ten Mahavidyas, the great Tantric wisdom-goddesses. She is depicted as an aged widow riding a crow, smoky in complexion, representing the void, dissolution and the formless aspect of the Divine Mother. Though fearsome in appearance, she is a compassionate teacher who removes misfortune and grants detachment and liberation.

The first verse describes her as a maiden in the morning, a mature woman at midday, and an old woman at dusk wearing a garland of skulls. This reveals her as Time itself (Kala) and as the Mother who pervades all stages of existence — youth, fullness and decay — and presides over creation, sustenance and dissolution.

Reciting this devotional hymn for protection and the removal of obstacles is widely considered safe and beneficial. However, the formal tantric upasana of Dhumavati (with her mantra, yantra and elaborate ritual) is traditionally undertaken under the guidance of a qualified guru, often for specific purposes such as warding off enemies or calamity.

The concluding verses declare that this Dhumavatyashtakam wards off every calamity; that in great danger, disease and battle, and against enemies, the reciter gains success everywhere; that gods, demons and even lions and tigers flee at its mere remembrance; and that it bestows complete peace and finally leads to liberation (nirvana).