Apratiratha Suktam — Word-by-Word Meaning
अप्रतिरथ सूक्तम्
Every Sanskrit word explained in English
Word-by-Word Breakdown
आशुः शिशानः
āśuḥ śiśānaḥ
Swift, and sharpening himself (as a weapon is whetted)
वृषभः न भीमः
vṛṣabho na bhīmo
Terrible / formidable like a bull
घनाघनः
ghanāghanaḥ
The smiter who strikes again and again
क्षोभणः चर्षणीनाम्
kṣobhaṇaś carṣaṇīnām
The agitator / shaker of (hostile) peoples
संक्रन्दनः
saṁkrandanaḥ
He who makes (the foe) cry out / roars in battle
अनिमिषः एकवीरः
animiṣa ekavīraḥ
Unwinking (ever-vigilant), the one peerless hero
शतं सेनाः अजयत् साकम् इन्द्रः
śataṁ senā ajayat sākam indraḥ
Indra conquered a hundred armies all at once
जिष्णुना
jiṣṇunā
With the ever-victorious one
दुश्च्यवनेन धृष्णुना
duścyavanena dhṛṣṇunā
With the immovable (hard to dislodge) and bold one
तद् इन्द्रेण जयत
tad indreṇa jayata
Through that Indra, conquer (your foes)
तत् सहध्वम्
tat sahadhvaṁ
Endure and overpower (the enemy)
युधो नरः इषुहस्तेन
yudho nara iṣuhastena
O fighting men, with the arrow-handed (Indra)
वशी
vaśī
The controller, master of himself and others
संस्रष्टा सः युधः
saṁsraṣṭā sa yudha
The marshaller / joiner of battles
उग्रधन्वा
ugradhanvā
He of the mighty / fierce bow
बृहस्पते परि दीय रथेन
bṛhaspate pari dīyā rathena
O Brihaspati, fly around (us) with your chariot
रक्षोहा अमित्रान् अपबाधमानः
rakṣohāmitrāṁ apabādhamānaḥ
Slayer of demons, driving away the foes
प्रभञ्जन् सेनाः
prabhañjan senāḥ
Shattering the (hostile) armies
अस्माकम् एधि अविता रथानाम्
asmākam edhy avitā rathānām
Be the protector of our chariots (forces)
मरुतः यन्तु अग्रम्
maruto yantv agram
May the Maruts march at the front (of our victorious armies)
Complete Translation
Swift and keen as a whetted weapon, terrible as a bull, the smiter who strikes again and again, the agitator of peoples; the roarer, ever-wakeful, the one peerless hero — Indra conquered a hundred armies all at once.
With the roaring, unwinking, ever-victorious, irresistible and bold one — through that Indra conquer, overpower (the foe), O warriors, with the arrow-handed mighty god.
He, arrow in hand, with his quiver-bearers, the master; he who joins the battle, Indra with his host; the conqueror in close fight, the Soma-drinker, strong of arm, of the fierce bow, who shoots with well-aimed shafts.
O Brihaspati, fly around us in your chariot, slaying the demons and driving away our foes; shattering their armies, crushing them in battle, victorious — be the protector of our chariots.
Indra be the leader of these (our forces); may Brihaspati, the sacrificial gift, the yajna and Soma go before us; and may the Maruts march at the front of the divine armies that shatter the foe and win the victory.
Origin & History
Source: Rigveda 10.103
Author: Rishi Apratiratha Aindra (and Vihavya), of the line of Indra
Period: Vedic period (c. 1500–1200 BCE)
This hymn belongs to the tenth Mandala of the Rigveda and is traditionally ascribed to the seer Apratiratha, 'the one without a rival in battle'. It is a war-song par excellence, exhorting warriors to fight under the banner of Indra, the invincible champion, supported by Brihaspati and the Maruts. In later tradition it is grouped among the hymns recited for victory, protection and the routing of enemies, and is associated with martial and royal rites.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Apratiratha Suktam?▼
It is a Vedic battle hymn at Rigveda 10.103, attributed to the seer Apratiratha Aindra. 'Apratiratha' means 'one who has no rival in battle' — an epithet of Indra. The hymn invokes Indra, Brihaspati and the Maruts for victory and protection in war.
What does 'Apratiratha' mean?▼
Apratiratha means 'the matchless warrior' or 'one against whom no opposing chariot (rival) can stand'. It describes Indra as the unconquerable hero who single-handedly overcomes a hundred armies.
When was the Apratiratha Suktam traditionally chanted?▼
It has been recited since Vedic times before going into battle, and more broadly to invoke courage, strength and victory before any great undertaking or contest, and in homas for protection from enemies.
Which deities are invoked in this hymn?▼
Primarily Indra, the warrior-king of the gods, along with Brihaspati (the divine preceptor who shatters demons) and the Maruts (the storm-gods who march at the front of the victorious armies).
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