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Prasnottara Ratna Malika Meaning — Line by Line

प्रश्नोत्तररत्नमालिका

Every verse and every word explained in English & Hindi

Meaning — Line by Line

Every verse of Prasnottara Ratna Malika with its English meaning. Tap any word to hear it, or ▶ to recite the verse.

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  1. Verse 1. kaḥ khalu nālaṅkriyate dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtha-sādhana-paṭīyān |
  2. Verse 2. bhagavan kim upādeyaṃ guru-vacanaṃ heyam api kim akāryam |
  3. Verse 3. tvaritaṃ kiṃ kartavyaṃ viduṣāṃ saṃsāra-santati-cchedaḥ |
  4. Verse 4. kaḥ pathyataro dharmaḥ kaḥ śucir iha yasya mānasaṃ śuddham |
  5. Verse 5. kiṃ saṃsāre sāraṃ bahuśo'pi vicintyamānam idam eva |
  6. Verse 6. madireva moha-janakaḥ kaḥ snehaḥ ke ca dasyavo viṣayāḥ |
  7. Verse 7. kasmād bhayam iha maraṇād andhād iha ko viśiṣyate rāgī |
  8. Verse 8. pātuṃ karṇāñjalibhiḥ kim amṛtam iha yujyate sad-upadeśaḥ |
  9. Verse 9. kiṃ gahanaṃ strī-caritaṃ kaś caturo yo na khaṇḍitas tena |
  10. Verse 10. kiṃ jīvitam anavadyaṃ kiṃ jāḍyaṃ pāṭhato'py anabhyāsaḥ |
  11. Verse 11. nalinī-dala-gata-jalavat taralaṃ kiṃ yauvanaṃ dhanaṃ cāyuḥ |
Verse 1#

kaḥ khalu nālaṅkriyate dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtha-sādhana-paṭīyān |

कः खलु नालङ्क्रियते दृष्टादृष्टार्थसाधनपटीयान्। अमुया कण्ठस्थितया प्रश्नोत्तररत्नमालिकया॥१॥

kaḥ khalu nālaṅkriyate dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtha-sādhana-paṭīyān | amuyā kaṇṭha-sthitayā praśnottara-ratna-mālikayā ||1||

MeaningWho, indeed, skilled in attaining the goals both of this world and the next, is not adorned by this gem-garland of questions and answers, worn ever at the throat (kept in memory)? (1)

Verse 2#

bhagavan kim upādeyaṃ guru-vacanaṃ heyam api kim akāryam |

भगवन् किमुपादेयं गुरुवचनं हेयमपि किमकार्यम्। को गुरुरधिगततत्त्वः शिष्यहितायोद्यतः सततम्॥२॥

bhagavan kim upādeyaṃ guru-vacanaṃ heyam api kim akāryam | ko gurur adhigata-tattvaḥ śiṣya-hitāyodyataḥ satatam ||2||

MeaningO Lord, what is worth accepting? — the word of the guru. What ought to be shunned? — every forbidden deed. Who is a true guru? — one who has realized the Truth and is ever intent on the welfare of his disciples. (2)

Verse 3#

tvaritaṃ kiṃ kartavyaṃ viduṣāṃ saṃsāra-santati-cchedaḥ |

त्वरितं किं कर्तव्यं विदुषां संसारसन्ततिच्छेदः। किं मोक्षतरोर्बीजं सम्यग्ज्ञानं क्रियासिद्धम्॥३॥

tvaritaṃ kiṃ kartavyaṃ viduṣāṃ saṃsāra-santati-cchedaḥ | kiṃ mokṣa-taror bījaṃ samyag-jñānaṃ kriyā-siddham ||3||

MeaningWhat should the wise do without delay? — cut through the chain of birth and death. What is the seed of the tree of liberation? — right knowledge fulfilled in action. (3)

Verse 4#

kaḥ pathyataro dharmaḥ kaḥ śucir iha yasya mānasaṃ śuddham |

कः पथ्यतरो धर्मः कः शुचिरिह यस्य मानसं शुद्धम्। कः पण्डितो विवेकी किं विषमवधीरणा गुरुषु॥४॥

kaḥ pathyataro dharmaḥ kaḥ śucir iha yasya mānasaṃ śuddham | kaḥ paṇḍito vivekī kiṃ viṣam avadhīraṇā guruṣu ||4||

MeaningWhich is the most wholesome dharma? (that which harms none). Who is pure here? — one whose mind is pure. Who is learned? — the man of discrimination. What is poison? — disrespect toward one's teachers. (4)

Verse 5#

kiṃ saṃsāre sāraṃ bahuśo'pi vicintyamānam idam eva |

किं संसारे सारं बहुशोऽपि विचिन्त्यमानमिदमेव। किं मनुजेष्विष्टतमं स्वपरहितायोद्यतं जन्म॥५॥

kiṃ saṃsāre sāraṃ bahuśo'pi vicintyamānam idam eva | kiṃ manujeṣv iṣṭatamaṃ sva-para-hitāyodyataṃ janma ||5||

MeaningWhat, though pondered again and again, is the (only) essence in worldly life? — just this (the wisdom taught here). What is most worth having among men? — a birth devoted to the good of oneself and others. (5)

Verse 6#

madireva moha-janakaḥ kaḥ snehaḥ ke ca dasyavo viṣayāḥ |

मदिरेव मोहजनकः कः स्नेहः के दस्यवो विषयाः। का भववल्ली तृष्णा को वैरी यस्त्वनुद्योगः॥६॥

madireva moha-janakaḥ kaḥ snehaḥ ke ca dasyavo viṣayāḥ | kā bhava-vallī tṛṣṇā ko vairī yas tv anudyogaḥ ||6||

MeaningWhat attachment intoxicates and deludes like wine? — excessive fondness. Who are the thieves? — the objects of the senses. What is the creeper of worldly bondage? — craving. Who is the (true) foe? — one's own lack of effort. (6)

Verse 7#

kasmād bhayam iha maraṇād andhād iha ko viśiṣyate rāgī |

कस्माद्भयमिह मरणादन्धादिह को विशिष्यते रागी। कः शूरो यो ललनालोचनबाणैर्न व्यथितः॥७॥

kasmād bhayam iha maraṇād andhād iha ko viśiṣyate rāgī | kaḥ śūro yo lalanā-locana-bāṇair na ca vyathitaḥ ||7||

MeaningOf what should one be afraid here? — of death (i.e. of the bondage that leads to repeated death). Who is more blind than the blind? — the passion-driven man. Who is the (real) hero? — he who is not wounded by the arrow-like glances of women. (7)

Verse 8#

pātuṃ karṇāñjalibhiḥ kim amṛtam iha yujyate sad-upadeśaḥ |

पातुं कर्णाञ्जलिभिः किममृतमिह युज्यते सदुपदेशः। किं गुरुताया मूलं यदेतदप्रार्थनं नाम॥८॥

pātuṃ karṇāñjalibhiḥ kim amṛtam iha yujyate sad-upadeśaḥ | kiṃ gurutāyā mūlaṃ yad etad aprārthanaṃ nāma ||8||

MeaningWhat nectar is fit to be drunk through the cupped hands of the ears? — good counsel. What is the root of (true) greatness? — to ask nothing (of anyone). (8)

Verse 9#

kiṃ gahanaṃ strī-caritaṃ kaś caturo yo na khaṇḍitas tena |

किं गहनं स्त्रीचरितं कश्चतुरो यो खण्डितस्तेन। किं दुःखमसन्तोषः किं लाघवमधमतो याच्ञा॥९॥

kiṃ gahanaṃ strī-caritaṃ kaś caturo yo na khaṇḍitas tena | kiṃ duḥkham asantoṣaḥ kiṃ lāghavam adhamato yācñā ||9||

MeaningWhat is unfathomable? — the ways of the deceitful. Who is (really) clever? — he who is not deceived by them. What is sorrow? — discontent. What is (real) degradation? — begging from a base person. (9)

Verse 10#

kiṃ jīvitam anavadyaṃ kiṃ jāḍyaṃ pāṭhato'py anabhyāsaḥ |

किं जीवितमनवद्यं किं जाड्यं पाठतोऽप्यनभ्यासः। को जागर्ति विवेकी का निद्रा मूढता जन्तोः॥१०॥

kiṃ jīvitam anavadyaṃ kiṃ jāḍyaṃ pāṭhato'py anabhyāsaḥ | ko jāgarti vivekī kā nidrā mūḍhatā jantoḥ ||10||

MeaningWhat life is blameless? — (one free of fault). What is dullness? — failure to practise even what one has studied. Who is awake? — the man of discernment. What is the sleep of a creature? — its delusion. (10)

Verse 11#

nalinī-dala-gata-jalavat taralaṃ kiṃ yauvanaṃ dhanaṃ cāyuḥ |

नलिनीदलगतजलवत्तरलं किं यौवनं धनं चायुः। कथय पुनः के शशिनः किरणसमाः सज्जना एव॥११॥

nalinī-dala-gata-jalavat taralaṃ kiṃ yauvanaṃ dhanaṃ cāyuḥ | kathaya punaḥ ke śaśinaḥ kiraṇa-samāḥ sajjanā eva ||11||

MeaningWhat is as fickle as a water-drop on a lotus leaf? — youth, wealth and life. And tell again, who are cool and gracious as the rays of the moon? — the virtuous, and they alone. (11)

Word-by-Word Breakdown

कः खलु न अलङ्क्रियते
kaḥ khalu na alaṅkriyate
who indeed is not adorned (made better)?
दृष्टादृष्टार्थसाधनपटीयान्
dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārtha-sādhana-paṭīyān
(this garland) skilful in achieving both seen (worldly) and unseen (spiritual) goals
अमुया कण्ठस्थितया
amuyā kaṇṭha-sthitayā
by this (garland) kept at the throat (i.e. committed to memory)
प्रश्नोत्तररत्नमालिकया
praśnottara-ratna-mālikayā
the gem-garland of questions and answers
भगवन् किम् उपादेयम्
bhagavan kim upādeyam
O Lord, what is worth accepting? — the word of the guru
हेयम् अपि किम् अकार्यम्
heyam api kim akāryam
and what is to be shunned? — that which ought not to be done
त्वरितं किं कर्तव्यम्
tvaritaṃ kiṃ kartavyam
what should be done quickly (by the wise)? — cutting off the chain of samsara
किं मोक्षतरोः बीजम्
kiṃ mokṣa-taror bījam
what is the seed of the tree of liberation? — right knowledge perfected by action
कः पथ्यतरः धर्मः
kaḥ pathyataro dharmaḥ
which is the most beneficial dharma?
कः शुचिः
kaḥ śuciḥ
who is (truly) pure? — one whose mind is pure
किं संसारे सारम्
kiṃ saṃsāre sāram
what is the essence (worth) in worldly existence? — (this, the knowledge taught here)
किं मनुजेषु इष्टतमम्
kiṃ manujeṣv iṣṭatamam
what is most desirable among humans? — a life devoted to the good of oneself and others
मदिरा इव मोहजनकः कः स्नेहः
madireva moha-janakaḥ kaḥ snehaḥ
what attachment deludes like wine? — affection (excessive fondness)
के च दस्यवः विषयाः
ke ca dasyavo viṣayāḥ
what are the robbers? — the sense-objects
का भववल्ली तृष्णा
kā bhava-vallī tṛṣṇā
what is the creeper of worldly existence? — craving (trishna)
को वैरी यः तु अनुद्योगः
ko vairī yas tv anudyogaḥ
who is the (real) enemy? — lack of effort (laziness)
कः शूरः
kaḥ śūraḥ
who is the (true) hero? — he who is not pierced by the arrow-glances of women
किं गुरुतायाः मूलम्
kiṃ gurutāyā mūlam
what is the root of greatness (being esteemed)? — not begging / asking for favours
किं दुःखम् असन्तोषः
kiṃ duḥkham asantoṣaḥ
what is (real) sorrow? — discontent
किं लाघवम् अधमतः याच्ञा
kiṃ lāghavam adhamato yācñā
what is humiliation (loss of dignity)? — begging from a base person
कः जागर्ति विवेकी
kaḥ jāgarti vivekī
who is (truly) awake? — the person of discrimination (viveka)
का निद्रा मूढता जन्तोः
kā nidrā mūḍhatā jantoḥ
what is (real) sleep? — the delusion of a creature
नलिनीदलगतजलवत् तरलम्
nalinī-dala-gata-jalavat taralam
fleeting like a drop of water on a lotus leaf — such are youth, wealth and life
के शशिनः किरणसमाः सज्जनाः एव
ke śaśinaḥ kiraṇa-samāḥ sajjanā eva
who are cool and soothing like the moon's rays? — the virtuous (good people) alone

Origin & History

Source: Didactic prakarana ascribed to Adi Shankaracharya

Author: Adi Shankaracharya (traditional attribution)

Period: Classical (traditionally 8th century CE)

The Prasnottara Ratna Malika is a beloved short work of Sanskrit gnomic verse cast as a dialogue of questions and answers. Tradition attributes it to Adi Shankaracharya, who is said to have composed it as a 'garland of gems' of wisdom that any seeker might wear at the throat — that is, keep ever in memory. Each crisp answer crystallizes a lesson of ethics, discrimination or the spiritual path. Its blend of worldly prudence and Vedantic insight has kept it popular for centuries as a guide for students and seekers alike; some manuscripts also associate it with the Jain teacher Vimala or with King Amoghavarsha, but the Advaita tradition holds it as Shankara's.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Prasnottara Ratna Malika?
It is a short didactic Sanskrit text built entirely as a series of questions and answers ('prashna' = question, 'uttara' = answer, 'ratna-malika' = gem-garland). It packs ethical and spiritual wisdom into terse, quotable maxims and is traditionally attributed to Adi Shankaracharya.
How is it structured?
Each verse poses one or more brief questions — such as 'Who is the real hero?' or 'What is the seed of liberation?' — and immediately gives a pithy answer. The complete work contains about 67 such question-and-answer verses; the selection here begins with its opening verses.
What are some of its famous teachings?
Among its celebrated answers: the real enemy is one's own laziness (anudyoga); the true hero is unmoved by sense-temptation; the essence of life is wisdom; the most desirable birth is one spent for the good of self and others; and the good are cool and gracious like the moon's rays.
Who is the author?
It is traditionally ascribed to Adi Shankaracharya, though some scholars debate the attribution. Regardless of authorship, it has long been cherished within the Advaita tradition as a compact treasury of practical and spiritual wisdom.

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