Thiruppugazh — Muthai Tharu — Word-by-Word Meaning
திருப்புகழ் — முத்தைத் தரு
Every Sanskrit word explained in English
Word-by-Word Breakdown
முத்தைத் தரு பத்தித் திருநகை
muththaith tharu paththith thirunagai
(He) of the sacred smile that, in devotion, bestows pearls (mukti) — a smile radiant like pearls.
அத்திக் கிறை சத்தி
aththik kiṟai saththi
The Lord (consort) of the daughter of the mountain — i.e. Shakti's son; wielder of the Shakti-vel.
சரவண
saravaṇa
Saravana — He who was born in the Saravana reed-grove; a name of Murugan.
முத்திக் கொரு வித்து குருபர
muththik koru viththu gurupara
The very seed (source) of liberation (mukti), O supreme Guru (Gurupara).
எனவோதும் முக்கட் பரமற்கு
enavōdhum mukkaṭ paramaṟku
To the three-eyed Supreme One (Shiva), who is thus extolled (by His son).
சுருதியின் முற்பட்டது கற்பித்து
suruthiyin muṟpaṭṭadhu kaṟpiththu
Teaching (to Shiva) the foremost essence of the Vedas (the Pranava / Om) — referring to Murugan as Swaminatha, guru to His own father.
முப்பத்து முவர்க்கத் தமரரும் அடிபேண
muppaththu muvarkkath thamararum aḍipēṇa
While the thirty-three crore (classes of) celestials cherish and adore His feet.
பத்துத் தலை தத்த கணைதொடு
paththuth thalai thaththak kaṇaithoḍu
(The Lord — Rama/Vishnu) who loosed an arrow that made the ten heads (of Ravana) roll.
ஒற்றைக் கிரி மத்தைப் பொருது
oṟṟaik kiri maththaip poruthu
Who churned (the ocean) using the single great mountain (Mandara) as the churning-rod.
பட்டப் பகல் வட்டத் திகிரியில் இரவாக
paṭṭap pagal vaṭṭath thigiriyil iravāga
Who, with His round discus, turned broad day into night (to slay Jayadratha).
பச்சைப் புயல்
pachchaip puyal
The green (emerald-dark) rain-cloud — Lord Vishnu/Krishna, Murugan's maternal uncle.
பட்சத் தொடு ரட்சித் தருள்வதும் ஒருநாளே
paṭchath thoḍu raṭchith tharuḷvadhum orunāḷē
Will there be a day when You graciously protect me with such loving favour? (the poet's central prayer).
பரிபுர நிர்த்தப் பதம் வைத்து
paripura nirththap padham vaiththu
Placing (her) dancing feet adorned with anklets — referring to Bhairavi/Kali dancing on the battlefield.
பயிரவி
payiravi
Bhairavi (the fierce Goddess) who dances on the field of battle.
அட்டப் பயிரவர்
aṭṭap payiravar
The eight Bhairavas (who gather at the battlefield).
களமிசை
kaḷamisai
Upon the battlefield (kalam).
நட்பற் றவுணரை வெட்டி
naṭpaṟ ṟavuṇarai veṭṭi
Cutting down the friendless asuras (demons).
குலகிரி குத்துப் பட ஒத்துப் பொரவல
kulagiri kuththup paḍa oththup poravala
O mighty one who fought so that the great mountain (Krauncha) was pierced through.
பெருமாளே
perumāḷē
O Great Lord! — the refrain ending every Thiruppugazh song, addressed to Murugan.
Complete Translation
This is the very first song of the Thiruppugazh ('Glory to the Holy One'), the great Tamil hymn-cycle of Saint Arunagirinathar in praise of Lord Murugan. Tradition holds that Murugan Himself gave Arunagiri the opening words 'Muthai tharu' to begin his songs.
The verse extols Murugan as the one whose pearl-like sacred smile bestows the pearl of liberation in devotion; the son of the Mountain-Goddess's Shakti; Saravanabhava; the seed of mukti and the supreme Guru — who taught the foremost meaning of the Vedas even to His three-eyed father Shiva, while the hosts of the gods cherish His feet. It recalls the deeds of Vishnu (Murugan's uncle): He whose arrow made Ravana's ten heads roll, who churned the ocean with Mount Mandara, who turned day to night with His discus — that emerald-hued cloud-dark Lord. Then comes the poet's prayer: 'Will there ever be a day when You protect me too with such loving grace?' The closing lines paint the battlefield where Bhairavi and the eight Bhairavas dance amid drum-beats and the cries of vultures and owls, as Murugan cuts down the friendless demons and pierces the great Krauncha mountain — O Great Lord (Perumale)!
Origin & History
Source: Thiruppugazh of Arunagirinathar (Tamil, 15th century CE) — song 1, sung at Tiruvannamalai
Author: Arunagirinathar
Period: c. 15th century CE
Arunagirinathar of Tiruvannamalai, after a misspent youth, in utter despair climbed the temple tower (gopuram) to end his life. Lord Murugan caught him, saved him, and touched his tongue with the Vel, granting him divine wisdom. When the Lord bade him sing His praise and Arunagiri faltered, Murugan Himself uttered the words 'Muthai tharu...' — and with them the entire Thiruppugazh, thousands of songs in dazzling metre, poured forth from the saint.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Thiruppugazh?▼
The Thiruppugazh ('Glory to the Holy One') is a celebrated body of Tamil devotional songs in praise of Lord Murugan, composed by Saint Arunagirinathar in the 15th century. It is famous for its profound devotion and its extraordinarily intricate rhythmic metres (chandam).
Why is 'Muthai Tharu' special?▼
Muthai Tharu is the very first song of the Thiruppugazh. Tradition holds that when Arunagirinathar, redeemed from despair, could not begin, Lord Murugan Himself appeared and gave him the opening words 'Muthai tharu...', from which the whole Thiruppugazh flowed.
Who was Arunagirinathar?▼
Arunagirinathar was a 15th-century Tamil saint-poet of Tiruvannamalai. After a wayward youth he was saved and blessed by Lord Murugan, and went on to compose the Thiruppugazh and other works (Kandar Anubhuti, Kandar Alankaram, Vel Vaguppu) wholly in Murugan's praise.
Why does every song end with 'Perumale'?▼
'Perumale' means 'O Great Lord' and is Arunagirinathar's signature address to Lord Murugan. Every one of the thousands of Thiruppugazh songs ends on this word, so that each song culminates in calling upon the Lord Himself.
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