Thiruvempavai (Opening Verse) — Word-by-Word Meaning
திருவெம்பாவை
Every Sanskrit word explained in English
Word-by-Word Breakdown
ஆதியும் அந்தமும் இல்லா
ādhiyum andhamum illā
(He) who has no beginning and no end — the eternal, infinite One (Shiva).
அரும்பெருஞ் சோதியை
arumperuñ sōdhiyai
The rare, great Light (the supreme effulgence) — Lord Shiva as boundless radiance.
யாம் பாடக் கேட்டேயும்
yām pāḍak kēṭṭēyum
Even after hearing us sing (His praise).
வாள்தடங்கண் மாதே
vāḷthaḍangaṇ mādhē
O girl with bright, wide (sword-like) eyes.
வளருதியோ
vaḷaruthiyō
Are you still sleeping (lying abed)?
வன்செவியோ
vansseviyō
Or are your ears hardened (deaf to His praise)?
மாதேவன் வார்கழல்கள்
mādhēvan vārkazhalgaḷ
The long, anklet-adorned (holy) feet of Mahadeva (the great Lord Shiva).
வாழ்த்திய வாழ்த்தொலிபோய்
vāzhththiya vāzhththolipōy
The sound of (our) praises extolling (those feet), going forth.
வீதிவாய்க் கேட்டலுமே
vīdhivāyk kēṭṭalumē
The very moment (it) is heard along the street.
விம்மிவிம்மி மெய்ம்மறந்து
vimmivimmi meymmaṟandhu
Sobbing and sobbing (with emotion), forgetting one's own body (self).
போதார் அமளியின்மேல்
pōdhār amaḷiyinmēl
Upon the flower-strewn bed.
நின்றும் புரண்டு இங்ஙன்
ninṟum puraṇḍu ingṅan
Tossing and rolling about thus.
ஏதேனும் ஆகாள் கிடந்தாள்
ēdhēnum āgāḷ kiḍandhāḷ
She lies (overwhelmed), unable to do anything (beside herself).
என்னே என்னே
ennē ennē
How wondrous! How wondrous! (an exclamation of amazement at her devotion).
ஈதே எந்தோழி பரிசு
īdhē endhōzhi parisu
Is this then, O my friend, your nature / state (of love for the Lord)?
ஏலோர் எம்பாவாய்
ēlōr embāvāy
The refrain ending each verse — 'O take up (this) our vow, my girl!' (the Margazhi Paavai observance).
திருவெம்பாவை
thiruvempāvai
Thiruvempavai — the sacred (thiru) 'em paavai' (our girl/vow) hymn, sung in Margazhi.
Complete Translation
The Thiruvempavai is a hymn of twenty verses by the great Tamil Saiva saint Manikkavacakar, part of the Thiruvasagam (the eighth book of the Tirumurai). Set in the cool month of Margazhi, it takes the form of girls observing the Paavai vow, going at dawn to bathe and to wake one another with the praise of Lord Shiva — so that the waking becomes an image of the soul rousing itself to God.
Verse 1: 'O girl of bright, wide eyes — even as we sing the rare, great Light that has no beginning and no end, do you still lie sleeping? Or are your ears grown deaf? For when the sound of our praise extolling the holy anklet-clad feet of Mahadeva is heard along the street, one sobs and sobs, forgets the body, and rises tossing and rolling upon the flower-strewn bed, beside herself, able to do nothing — how wondrous, how wondrous! Is this then, O my friend, your nature?' — Take up our vow!
Thus the very first verse sets the theme of the whole hymn: the soul that has truly heard the Lord's praise cannot remain unmoved, but melts in longing for Him.
Origin & History
Source: Thiruvasagam — Thiruvempavai of Manikkavacakar (Tamil, c. 9th century CE); 8th Tirumurai
Author: Manikkavacakar
Period: c. 9th century CE (Bhakti era)
Manikkavacakar was a learned minister of the Pandya king who, sent to buy horses, met Lord Shiva in the form of a guru at Thiruperunthurai and gave his whole heart and the king's gold to Him. Renouncing the world, he wandered the holy places of the Tamil land singing of Shiva, and at Thiruvannamalai (by tradition) composed the Thiruvempavai. Cast in the Margazhi Paavai form, its waking of the sleeping girls is the awakening of the soul to the Lord, and it remains among the most loved of all Saiva hymns.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Thiruvempavai?▼
It is a Tamil Saiva hymn of 20 verses by Saint Manikkavacakar, part of the Thiruvasagam (eighth Tirumurai), in praise of Lord Shiva. Set in the month of Margazhi, it takes the form of young women observing the Paavai vow who wake one another at dawn with the Lord's praise.
Who was Manikkavacakar?▼
Manikkavacakar ('he whose words are rubies') was a great Tamil Saiva saint and one of the four foremost Saiva acharyas. A minister who renounced the world after Lord Shiva appeared to him as a guru at Thiruperunthurai, he composed the Thiruvasagam and the Thirukkovaiyar, treasures of Tamil devotion.
How is the Thiruvempavai related to the Tiruppavai?▼
Both are Margazhi hymns built on the Paavai (girls' dawn-vow) theme and both end each verse with 'Elor Embavay'. Andal's Tiruppavai is to Lord Vishnu-Krishna, while Manikkavacakar's Thiruvempavai is to Lord Shiva; together they are sung through the sacred month of Margazhi.
What does the famous first verse mean?▼
It is a girl waking her still-sleeping friend: even as they sing 'the rare great Light that has no beginning and no end' (Lord Shiva), how can she sleep? For the soul that truly hears His praise sobs, forgets the body, and rises overwhelmed with love — so the verse asks, in wonder, whether this melting devotion is her friend's true nature.
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