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Prithvi Suktam (Bhumi Sukta) — Word-by-Word Meaning

पृथ्वी सूक्तम् (भूमि सूक्त)

Every Sanskrit word explained in English

Word-by-Word Breakdown

सत्यं बृहत् ऋतम् उग्रम्
satyaṁ bṛhad ṛtam ugram
Truth, the vast cosmic order (Ritam), the mighty / awe-inspiring
दीक्षा तपः
dīkṣā tapaḥ
Consecration (sacred vow) and austerity / penance
ब्रह्म यज्ञः
brahma yajñaḥ
The sacred word (Brahman) and sacrifice
पृथिवीं धारयन्ति
pṛthivīṁ dhārayanti
These uphold / sustain the Earth
भूतस्य भव्यस्य पत्नी
bhūtasya bhavyasya patnī
Mistress (sovereign) of what has been and what shall be
उरुं लोकं नः कृणोतु
uruṁ lokaṁ naḥ kṛṇotu
May she make wide / spacious room for us
यस्यां समुद्रः उत सिन्धुः आपः
yasyāṁ samudra uta sindhur āpaḥ
In whom are the ocean, the rivers and the waters
यस्याम् अन्नं कृष्टयः संबभूवुः
yasyām annaṁ kṛṣṭayaḥ saṁbabhūvuḥ
In whom food and the tilling peoples came to be
प्राणत् एजत्
prāṇad ejat
That which breathes and moves (all living, moving things)
पूर्वपेये दधातु
pūrvapeye dadhātu
May she grant us the first / foremost share (of enjoyment)
चतस्रः प्रदिशः
catasraḥ pradiśaḥ
The four quarters / directions
गोषु अपि अन्ने दधातु
goṣv apy anne dadhātu
May she establish us in cattle and in food (prosperity)
यां रक्षन्ति अस्वप्नाः देवाः
yāṁ rakṣanty asvapnā devāḥ
Whom the sleepless gods ever protect
अप्रमादम्
apramādam
Without negligence, ever-watchfully
सा नः मधु प्रियं दुहाम्
sā no madhu priyaṁ duhām
May she yield (milk) for us sweet, beloved nourishment
उक्षतु वर्चसा
ukṣatu varcasā
May she sprinkle / endow us with splendour and vigour
उप सर्प मातरं भूमिम्
upa sarpa mātaraṁ bhūmim
Approach (take refuge in) this Mother Earth
उरुव्यचसं सुशेवाम्
uruvyacasaṁ suśevām
Wide-spreading and most kindly / gracious
यत् ते भूमे विखनामि
yat te bhūme vikhanāmi
Whatever of you, O Earth, I dig up
क्षिप्रं तत् अपि रोहतु
kṣipraṁ tad api rohatu
May that quickly grow / heal over again
मा ते मर्म मा ते हृदयम् अर्पिपम्
mā te marma mā te hṛdayam arpipam
Let me not pierce your vital parts nor wound your heart

Complete Translation

Truth, the vast and mighty cosmic order, sacred vow, austerity, the holy word and sacrifice — these uphold the Earth. May she, the sovereign of what has been and what shall be, make wide room for us. She in whom are the ocean, the rivers and the waters; in whom food and the tilling peoples arose; in whom moves all that breathes and stirs — may that Earth grant us the foremost share. She to whom belong the four quarters, in whom food and the peoples arose, who bears in many forms all that breathes and moves — may that Earth establish us in cattle and in food. The Earth whom the sleepless gods guard ever-watchfully, without negligence — may she yield for us sweet, beloved nourishment, and sprinkle us with splendour. Approach this Mother Earth, the wide-spreading, gracious Earth; soft as wool, a generous maiden — may she guard you from the lap of destruction. Whatever of you, O Earth, I dig up, may it quickly grow again; let me not pierce your vital parts, O cleansing one, nor wound your heart.

Origin & History

Source: Atharvaveda 12.1 (Bhumi Sukta)

Author: Rishi Atharvan (revealed seer of the Bhumi Sukta)

Period: Vedic period

The Prithvi Suktam is the opening hymn of the twelfth Kanda of the Atharvaveda — a vast and majestic prayer of sixty-three verses dedicated entirely to Bhumi, the Earth. It celebrates the Earth as the cosmic mother upholding the seas, mountains, rivers, plants, peoples and all that breathes, sustained by truth, order, austerity and sacrifice. Among Vedic hymns it stands out for its tender, filial vision of the Earth as mother and its explicit ethic of caring for and not harming her, and is widely cited today as an ancient charter of ecological reverence.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Prithvi Suktam?
The Prithvi Suktam, also called the Bhumi Sukta, is the great hymn to the Earth in the Atharvaveda (Kanda 12, Sukta 1). With sixty-three verses, it praises Bhumi Devi as the boundless mother who sustains all life and is regarded as one of the world's earliest hymns to the environment.
What is the famous verse 'Mata bhumih putro aham prithivyah'?
It is one of the most celebrated lines of the Atharvaveda (12.1.12), meaning 'The Earth is my mother, and I am her child (son).' It expresses the intimate, filial relationship between humanity and the Earth that the whole hymn embodies.
Why is the Prithvi Suktam called an ecological hymn?
Because it not only glorifies the Earth but explicitly pledges to protect her — praying that whatever is dug from her may grow again and vowing not to wound her vital parts or her heart. This spirit of reverence and non-harm makes it a timeless environmental prayer.
When is the Prithvi Suktam chanted?
It is chanted during bhumi puja, foundation-laying, agricultural and environmental ceremonies, and whenever one wishes to honour and seek the blessings of the Earth for stability, sustenance and prosperity.

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