๐น๐ธ๐๐ค๐พ๐ฎ๐ฒ๐๐๐ฏ๐ฎ๐ (๐น๐ธ๐๐ค๐พ๐ฎ๐ฒ๐๐ธ๐๐ค๐๐ค๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐)
Hastamalakiyam (Hastamalaka Stotram) in Grantha ยท ๐๐๐ฐ๐จ๐๐ฅ
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Origin & Story
Advaita stotra recorded by tradition; verses spoken by Hastamalakacharya, commentary by Adi Shankaracharya ยท Hastamalakacharya (verses); Adi Shankaracharya (compiler and commentator) ยท Classical (traditionally 8th century CE)
According to tradition, when Adi Shankaracharya was travelling he met a boy who, though appearing dull and silent to others, was in fact a great soul absorbed in the Self. When Shankara asked him 'Who are you, child? Where do you come from?', the boy responded with these twelve luminous verses declaring the Self as the eternal witness-consciousness, untouched by body, caste, ashrama or the senses. Shankara, recognizing his realization to be 'as clear as a fruit in the palm', named him Hastamalaka and made him one of his four chief disciples. So profound were the verses that Shankara wrote a commentary on them.
โฆ As told in scripture
Tradition relates that the boy Hastamalaka had been regarded by his own family as dull-witted and mute, for he was forever absorbed within; yet at Shankara's single question the entire wisdom of Vedanta poured forth from him in these twelve flawless verses, revealing that what the world took for a simpleton was in truth a sage whose Self-knowledge was as plain to him as an amalaka fruit held in the hand.
Complete Text with Meaning
Tap any line โ or the โถ button โ to hear it recited
๐๐ธ๐๐ค๐๐ต๐ ๐ถ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ ๐๐ธ๐๐ฏ ๐๐๐ค๐๐ฝ๐ธ๐ฟ ๐๐จ๐๐ค๐พ ๐๐ฟ๐ ๐จ๐พ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐ค๐๐ต๐ ๐๐๐ค ๐๐๐ค๐๐ฝ๐ธ๐ฟเฅค ๐๐ค๐จ๐๐ฎ๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ค๐ ๐ต๐ฆ ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐๐ญ๐ ๐ค๐๐ต๐ ๐ฎ๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฐ๐๐ค๐ฏ๐ ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐๐ค๐ฟ๐ต๐ฟ๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ง๐จ๐๐ฝ๐ธ๐ฟเฅฅเฏงเฅฅ
kastvaแน ลiลo kasya kuto'si gantฤ kiแน nฤma te tvaแน kuta ฤgato'si | etan mayoktaแน vada cฤrbhaka tvaแน mat-prฤซtaye prฤซti-vivardhano'si ||1||
Meaning:(Shankara asks:) Who are you, O child? Whose are you? Where are you going? What is your name, and from where have you come? Tell me all this, dear boy โ you delight me, you swell my affection.
๐จ๐พ๐น๐ ๐ฎ๐จ๐๐ท๐๐ฏ๐ ๐จ ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐ต๐ฏ๐๐๐ท๐ ๐จ ๐ฌ๐๐ฐ๐พ๐น๐๐ฎ๐ฃ๐๐๐ท๐ค๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ฏ๐ต๐๐ถ๐๐ฏ๐ถ๐๐ฆ๐๐ฐ๐พ๐เฅค ๐จ ๐ฌ๐๐ฐ๐น๐๐ฎ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐ ๐จ ๐๐๐น๐ ๐ต๐จ๐ธ๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ญ๐ฟ๐๐๐ท๐๐ฐ๐๐จ ๐๐พ๐น๐ ๐จ๐ฟ๐๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฐ๐๐ช๐เฅฅเฏจเฅฅ
nฤhaแน manuแนฃyo na ca deva-yakแนฃau na brฤhmaแนa-kแนฃatriya-vaiลya-ลลซdrฤแธฅ | na brahmacฤrฤซ na gแนhฤซ vanastho bhikแนฃur na cฤhaแน nija-bodha-rลซpaแธฅ ||2||
Meaning:(The boy replies:) I am not a man, nor a god or yaksha; not a brahmana, kshatriya, vaishya or shudra; neither a celibate student, householder, forest-hermit nor mendicant โ I am of the nature of pure Self-knowledge itself.
๐จ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ค๐ ๐ฎ๐จ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐ฐ๐พ๐ฆ๐ฟ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐ต๐๐ค๐๐ค๐ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐ธ๐๐ค๐พ๐๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ช๐พ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฐ๐พ๐๐พ๐ถ๐๐ฒ๐๐ช๐เฅค ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฟ๐ฐ๐๐ฒ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐๐พ๐จ๐ฟ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ค๐ ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐ฏ๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏฉเฅฅ
nimittaแน manaล-cakแนฃur-ฤdi-pravแนttau nirastฤkhilopฤdhir ฤkฤลa-kalpaแธฅ | ravir loka-ceแนฃแนญฤ-nimittaแน yathฤ yaแธฅ sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||3||
Meaning:The cause behind the working of the mind, eyes and the other senses, yet free of every limiting condition and subtle as space โ like the sun that is the impartial cause of all activity in the world โ that Self, whose very nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ฏ๐ฎ๐๐๐จ๐๐ฏ๐๐ท๐๐ฃ๐ต๐จ๐๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐ ๐ฎ๐จ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐ฐ๐พ๐ฆ๐๐จ๐๐ฏ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐๐พ๐จ๐ฟเฅค ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ค๐จ๐๐ค ๐๐ถ๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ท๐๐๐ฎ๐๐ช๐ฎ๐๐๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏชเฅฅ
yam agny-uแนฃแนavan nitya-bodha-svarลซpaแน manaล-cakแนฃur-ฤdฤซny abodhฤtmakฤni | pravartanta ฤลritya niแนฃkampam ekaแน sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||4||
Meaning:That one, motionless reality, of the nature of eternal consciousness as heat is inseparable from fire, depending upon which the mind, eyes and senses โ themselves insentient โ carry out their functions โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ฎ๐๐๐พ๐ญ๐พ๐ธ๐๐ ๐ฆ๐ฐ๐๐ช๐ฃ๐ ๐ฆ๐๐ถ๐๐ฏ๐ฎ๐พ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐๐ค๐๐ต๐พ๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ค๐๐ต๐๐จ ๐จ๐๐ต๐พ๐ธ๐๐ค๐ฟ ๐ต๐ธ๐๐ค๐เฅค ๐๐ฟ๐ฆ๐พ๐ญ๐พ๐ธ๐๐ ๐ง๐๐ท๐ ๐๐๐ต๐๐ฝ๐ช๐ฟ ๐ค๐ฆ๐๐ต๐ค๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏซเฅฅ
mukhฤbhฤsako darpaแนe dแนลyamฤno mukhatvฤt pแนthaktvena naivฤsti vastu | cid-ฤbhฤsako dhฤซแนฃu jฤซvo'pi tadvat sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||5||
Meaning:The image of a face seen in a mirror has no real existence apart from the face itself; just so the individual soul is only the reflection of Consciousness in the intellect โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐ฆ๐ฐ๐๐ช๐ฃ๐พ๐ญ๐พ๐ต ๐๐ญ๐พ๐ธ๐น๐พ๐จ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐๐ ๐ต๐ฟ๐ฆ๐๐ฏ๐ค๐ ๐๐ฒ๐๐ช๐จ๐พ๐น๐๐จ๐ฎ๐๐๐ฎ๐เฅค ๐ค๐ฅ๐พ ๐ง๐๐ต๐ฟ๐ฏ๐๐๐ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐พ๐ญ๐พ๐ธ๐๐ ๐ฏ๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏฌเฅฅ
yathฤ darpaแนฤbhฤva ฤbhฤsa-hฤnau mukhaแน vidyate kalpanฤ-hฤซnam ekam | tathฤ dhฤซ-viyoge nirฤbhฤsako yaแธฅ sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||6||
Meaning:As, when the mirror is absent and the reflection ceases, the one face still remains free of all imagining, so the reality that remains without any reflection when the intellect is withdrawn โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ฎ๐จ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐ฐ๐พ๐ฆ๐๐ฐ๐๐ต๐ฟ๐ฏ๐๐๐๐ค๐ ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฏ๐ ๐ฏ๐ ๐ฎ๐จ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐ฐ๐พ๐ฆ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฎ๐จ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐ฐ๐พ๐ฆ๐ฟ๐เฅค ๐ฎ๐จ๐ถ๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐ฐ๐พ๐ฆ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฎ๐๐ฏ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏญเฅฅ
manaล-cakแนฃur-ฤder viyuktaแธฅ svayaแน yo manaล-cakแนฃur-ฤder manaล-cakแนฃur-ฤdiแธฅ | manaล-cakแนฃur-ฤder agamya-svarลซpaแธฅ sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||7||
Meaning:That which is itself ever apart from the mind, eyes and senses, yet is the very mind of the mind and eye of the eye, whose true nature the mind and senses can never reach โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ฏ ๐๐๐ ๐ต๐ฟ๐ญ๐พ๐ค๐ฟ ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ค๐ ๐ถ๐๐ฆ๐๐ง๐๐๐ค๐พ๐ ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ถ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐ช๐ฟ ๐จ๐พ๐จ๐๐ต ๐ง๐๐ท๐เฅค ๐ถ๐ฐ๐พ๐ต๐๐ฆ๐๐ธ๐๐ฅ๐ ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐ญ๐พ๐จ๐๐ฐ๐๐๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏฎเฅฅ
ya eko vibhฤti svataแธฅ ลuddha-cetฤแธฅ prakฤลa-svarลซpo'pi nฤneva dhฤซแนฃu | ลarฤvodaka-stho yathฤ bhฤnur ekaแธฅ sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||8||
Meaning:The one who shines by his own light, pure consciousness, who though of one nature appears as many in the many intellects โ as the one sun appears multiplied in many bowls of water โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ๐จ๐๐๐๐๐๐ท๐๐๐ช๐๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ถ๐ ๐ฐ๐ต๐ฟ๐ฐ๐๐จ ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ฃ ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ถ๐๐๐ฐ๐๐ค๐ฟ ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ถ๐๐ฏ๐ฎ๐เฅค ๐ ๐จ๐๐๐พ ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฏ๐ ๐ฏ๐ธ๐๐ค๐ฅ๐๐๐ ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏฏเฅฅ
yathฤneka-cakแนฃuแธฅ-prakฤลo ravir na krameแนa prakฤลฤซ-karoti prakฤลyam | anekฤ dhiyo yas tathaikaแธฅ prabodhaแธฅ sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||9||
Meaning:As the sun, the light of countless eyes, does not illumine objects one after another but reveals all at once, so the one awareness illumines the many intellects together โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ต๐ฟ๐ต๐ธ๐๐ต๐ค๐๐ช๐๐ฐ๐ญ๐พ๐ค๐ ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐ฐ๐๐ช๐ฎ๐๐๐ท๐ ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐๐๐น๐๐ฃ๐พ๐ค๐ฟ ๐จ๐พ๐ญ๐พ๐ค๐ฎ๐๐ต๐ ๐ต๐ฟ๐ต๐ธ๐๐ต๐พ๐จ๐เฅค ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐พ๐ญ๐พ๐ค ๐๐ญ๐พ๐ธ๐ฏ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐๐ท๐ฎ๐๐๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏงเฏฆเฅฅ
vivasvat-prabhฤtaแน yathฤ rลซpam akแนฃaแน pragแนhแนฤti nฤbhฤtam evaแน vivasvฤn | yad-ฤbhฤta ฤbhฤsayaty akแนฃam ekaแธฅ sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||10||
Meaning:Just as the eye grasps a form lit by the sun but cannot grasp the sun that is not itself lit by another, so that one by whose shining the eye itself is made to function โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐ธ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฏ ๐๐๐๐ฝ๐ช๐๐ธ๐๐ต๐จ๐๐๐ถ๐๐๐ฒ๐พ๐ธ๐ ๐ธ๐๐ฅ๐ฟ๐ฐ๐พ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ช๐๐ฏ๐จ๐จ๐๐ฏ๐ฆ๐๐ต๐ฟ๐ญ๐พ๐ต๐๐ฏ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐เฅค ๐๐ฒ๐พ๐ธ๐ ๐ช๐๐ฐ๐ญ๐ฟ๐จ๐๐จ๐ ๐ธ๐๐ง๐๐ท๐๐ต๐๐ ๐๐ต ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏงเฏงเฅฅ
yathฤ sลซrya eko'psv aneka-ลcalฤsu sthirฤsv apy ananyad vibhฤvya-svarลซpaแธฅ | calฤsu prabhinnaแธฅ sudhฤซแนฃv eka eva sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||11||
Meaning:As the one sun appears as many in rippling waters yet remains undivided in still waters, ever one in its real nature โ appearing divided among restless intellects yet one in the wise โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐๐จ๐๐๐๐จ๐๐จ๐ฆ๐๐ท๐๐๐ฟ๐ฐ๐๐๐จ๐๐๐๐จ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ฐ๐๐๐ ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ท๐๐ช๐๐ฐ๐ญ๐ ๐ฎ๐จ๐๐ฏ๐ค๐ ๐๐พ๐ค๐ฟ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐เฅค ๐ค๐ฅ๐พ ๐ฌ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ต๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐พ๐ค๐ฟ ๐ฏ๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ข๐ฆ๐๐ท๐๐๐๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏงเฏจเฅฅ
ghana-cchanna-dแนแนฃแนญir ghana-cchannam arkaแน yathฤ niแนฃprabhaแน manyate cฤtimลซแธhaแธฅ | tathฤ baddhavad bhฤti yo mลซแธha-dแนแนฃแนญeแธฅ sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||12||
Meaning:As a person whose sight is veiled by clouds thinks, in his folly, that the cloud-covered sun has lost its light, so to the deluded vision the ever-free Self appears as though bound โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐ธ๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ค๐๐ท๐ ๐ต๐ธ๐๐ค๐๐ท๐๐ต๐จ๐๐ธ๐๐ฏ๐๐ค๐ฎ๐๐๐ ๐ธ๐ฎ๐ธ๐๐ค๐พ๐จ๐ฟ ๐ต๐ธ๐๐ค๐๐จ๐ฟ ๐ฏ๐จ๐๐จ ๐ธ๐๐ช๐๐ถ๐จ๐๐ค๐ฟเฅค ๐ต๐ฟ๐ฏ๐ฆ๐๐ต๐ค๐๐ธ๐ฆ๐พ ๐ถ๐๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ฎ๐๐๐๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐ ๐ธ ๐จ๐ฟ๐ค๐๐ฏ๐๐ช๐ฒ๐ฌ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ธ๐๐ต๐ฐ๐๐ช๐๐ฝ๐น๐ฎ๐พ๐ค๐๐ฎ๐พเฅฅเฏงเฏฉเฅฅ
samasteแนฃu vastuแนฃv anusyลซtam ekaแน samastฤni vastลซni yan na spแนลanti | viyadvat sadฤ ลuddham accha-svarลซpaแน sa nityopalabdhi-svarลซpo'ham ฤtmฤ ||13||
Meaning:The one consciousness threaded through all things, which no object can touch or taint, ever pure and clear like space itself โ that Self, whose nature is eternal awareness, am I.
๐๐ช๐พ๐ง๐ ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐ญ๐๐ฆ๐ค๐พ ๐ธ๐จ๐๐ฎ๐ฃ๐๐จ๐พ๐ ๐ค๐ฅ๐พ ๐ญ๐๐ฆ๐ค๐พ ๐ฌ๐๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ฟ๐ญ๐๐ฆ๐๐ท๐ ๐ค๐๐ฝ๐ช๐ฟเฅค ๐ฏ๐ฅ๐พ ๐๐จ๐๐ฆ๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐พ๐ฃ๐พ๐ ๐๐ฒ๐ ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐๐ต๐ ๐ค๐ฅ๐พ ๐๐๐๐๐ฒ๐ค๐๐ต๐ ๐ค๐ต๐พ๐ช๐๐น ๐ต๐ฟ๐ท๐๐ฃ๐เฅฅเฏงเฏชเฅฅ
upฤdhau yathฤ bhedatฤ san-maแนฤซnฤแน tathฤ bhedatฤ buddhi-bhedeแนฃu te'pi | yathฤ candrikฤแนฤแน jale caรฑcalatvaแน tathฤ caรฑcalatvaแน tavฤpฤซha viแนฃแนo ||14||
Meaning:As the apparent difference among genuine gems is due only to their settings, so the apparent difference (in You) is due only to the differing intellects; and as the reflected moonbeams seem to quiver only because of the moving water, so the seeming restlessness, O Lord, is but apparent in You.
Word-by-Word Meaning
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Benefits of Chanting Hastamalakiyam (Hastamalaka Stotram)
Presents the essence of Advaita Vedanta through vivid, easy-to-grasp similes (sun, mirror, reflected moon)
Strengthens the realization 'I am the eternal witness-consciousness, not the body or mind'
An excellent text for Self-enquiry (atma-vichara) and meditation on the true 'I'
Calms the mind by revealing the ever-free, untainted nature of the Self
Treasured in the Advaita tradition as the spontaneous utterance of a Self-realized child-sage
Recited for clarity of understanding (viveka) and steadiness in non-dual awareness
How to Chant Hastamalakiyam (Hastamalaka Stotram)
Sit calmly facing east or north. Begin with Shankara's opening question and then recite the twelve reply verses slowly, dwelling on the refrain 'sa nityopalabdhi-svarupo'ham atma' โ 'that Self of eternal awareness am I'. Contemplate each simile (the sun reflected in many waters, the face in the mirror) as a pointer to your own witness-nature. A single attentive recitation daily is ideal for contemplation; it may also be studied with its meaning.
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Read the full Hastamalakiyam (Hastamalaka Stotram) with verse-by-verse meaning, or explore more sacred texts