अथातो भक्तिजिज्ञासा

Every Sanskrit word explained in English

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Word-by-Word Breakdown

अथ

atha

Now (an auspicious word marking the beginning of the teaching, after the seeker is ready)

अतः

ataḥ

Therefore, hence (because devotion is the means to the highest good)

भक्ति

bhakti

Devotion, loving devotion to God

जिज्ञासा

jijñāsā

The desire to know, the deliberate enquiry

भक्तिजिज्ञासा

bhakti-jijñāsā

The enquiry into devotion — the disciplined desire to know the nature of bhakti (the subject of the whole work)

अथातः

athātaḥ

Now therefore (atha + ataḥ in sandhi) — the benedictory opening that parallels the Brahma Sutra

जिज्ञास्

jijñās

The desiderative of the root 'jñā' (to know) — to wish to know; the basis of the word jijñāsā

भक्तेः जिज्ञासा

bhakteḥ jijñāsā

The enquiry of/into devotion — bhakti is the subject now to be investigated

सा

sā

That (devotion) — referring back to bhakti, which is feminine in Sanskrit

परा अनुरक्तिः

parā anuraktiḥ

Supreme attachment, the highest loving devotion

ईश्वरे

īśvare

In/towards the Lord (God)

सा परानुरक्तिरीश्वरे

sā parānuraktir īśvare

Devotion is supreme loving attachment to God — sutra 2, Shandilya's definition of bhakti

Complete Translation

अब, इसलिए, (आरम्भ होती है) भक्ति की जिज्ञासा। (१) वह (भक्ति) ईश्वर के प्रति परम अनुरक्ति (प्रेममयी आसक्ति) है। (२)

Origin & History

Source: Shandilya Bhakti Sutra, Sutra 1

Author: Attributed to Sage Shandilya

Period: Ancient (classical period of the Bhakti tradition)

The Shandilya Bhakti Sutra opens, in deliberate echo of the Brahma Sutra, with the words 'Atha ataḥ' — 'Now, therefore' — but directs the enquiry toward devotion rather than Brahman. The commentators explain that, having recognized devotion as the supreme means to the highest good, the qualified seeker now undertakes the systematic investigation into its nature. The following sutras define bhakti as supreme attachment to the Lord, distinguish it from mere knowledge and ritual, and establish it as the direct path to liberation, making this aphorism the gateway to Shandilya's whole teaching on love of God.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does 'Athato Bhakti-Jijnasa' mean?▼

It means 'Now, therefore, (begins) the enquiry into devotion.' It is the first sutra of the Shandilya Bhakti Sutra, declaring that the seeker now undertakes the deliberate investigation into the nature of bhakti.

What is the Shandilya Bhakti Sutra?▼

The Shandilya Bhakti Sutra is a classical work of aphorisms on devotion attributed to the sage Shandilya. Alongside the Narada Bhakti Sutra it is one of the two principal sutra-texts of the Bhakti tradition, defining bhakti and establishing it as a direct path to the supreme goal.

How does it relate to the Brahma Sutra?▼

The opening deliberately parallels the Brahma Sutra. Where the Brahma Sutra begins 'Athato brahma jijnasa' (now the enquiry into Brahman), the Shandilya Bhakti Sutra begins 'Athato bhakti-jijnasa' (now the enquiry into devotion) — placing the enquiry into bhakti alongside the enquiry into Brahman.

How does Shandilya define bhakti?▼

The text defines bhakti as supreme attachment or loving devotion (para-anurakti) to God (Ishvara). It argues that this devotion, and not knowledge or action alone, is the direct means to liberation and the highest good.

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